An Approximation Method for Fractional-Order Models Using Quadratic Systems and Equilibrium Optimizer

System identification is an important methodology used in control theory and constitutes the first step of design. It known that many real systems can be better characterized by fractional-order models. However, it often quite complex difficult to apply classical methods analytically for For this reason, integer-order models are generally considered theory. In study, alternative approximation method proposed The converts a transfer function directly into function. based on curve fitting uses quadratic system model Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) algorithm. implemented unit response signal. EO algorithm aims determine optimal coefficients functions minimizing error between general parametric objective data. data obtained using Grünwald-Letnikov (GL) Fractional-Order Modeling Control (FOMCON) toolbox. Thus, most properly determined. Some examples provided different evaluate performance method. compared with studies from literature terms time frequency responses. seen exhibits provides lower order model.